Answer / recommendation: Cite September 23, 2008 as the platform 1.0 public-build date; the initial consumer handset (HTC Dream, marketed as the T‑Mobile G1) reached retail in October 2008 (U.S. When you cherished this article along with you would like to get guidance concerning promo code 1xbet free i implore you to stop by the web site. availability commonly listed as October 22, 2008). Use these two dates for a concise public-launch reference.
Core milestones to include in any concise overview: company founded in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White; acquisition by Google in August 2005 (commonly cited date: August 17, 2005); public unveiling with the Open Handset Alliance on November 5, 2007; platform 1.0 finalized September 23, 2008 and the first retail handset shipped in October 2008.
Research tip: when documenting the platform's evolution, reference build numbers and API levels (API level 1 corresponds to the initial 1.0 build) and prefer primary sources – Google's press statements from November 2007 and late‑2008 handset launch pages – for exact wording and context.
Quick note on citations: for a single, citable date use September 23, 2008 for the public platform build and October 22, 2008 for mainstream U.S. handset availability; expand with the 2003 founding and 2005 acquisition entries for background depth.
Origins: Android's First Conception
Obtain primary-source materials immediately: founders' interviews, Google's acquisition press statement (Aug 17, 2005), USPTO filings from 2003–2006, and Wayback captures of the original developer portal.
- Founding team: Andy Rubin (founder/lead), Rich Miner (co-founder), Nick Sears (business development), Chris White (UI/engineer).
- Company formation: Oct 2003, Palo Alto; initial product concept targeted handheld consumer devices, with internal shift toward mobile handsets by 2004.
- Corporate transition: Google acquired the startup in Aug 2005 for a reported ~ $50 million; acquisition documents and contemporaneous press coverage reveal strategic motives.
- Design architecture: Linux kernel as the base, Java-like APIs for application development, and a register-based virtual machine (Dalvik) created to meet mid-2000s mobile memory and CPU constraints.
- Industry coordination: Open Handset Alliance announced Nov 5, 2007, assembling handset makers and carriers to support the platform and a common SDK.
Recommended research actions:
- Download Google’s Aug 17, 2005 acquisition press release and compare quoted objectives with later technical roadmaps.
- Search USPTO for patent applications filed 2003–2006 by Rubin and colleagues; focus on mobile middleware, power management, and VM techniques.
- Pull AOSP commit logs and initial SDK snapshots from late 2007 to identify kernel version, subsystem additions, and boot sequence changes.
- Review technical talks and interviews by Dalvik contributors (Dan Bornstein and peers) for rationale behind register-based VM choices and garbage-collection trade-offs.
- Archive-check early product marketing and developer guides (Wayback snapshots from 2007–2008) to reconstruct API promises versus implemented features.
Key milestone dates (concise):
- Oct 2003 – company formation in Silicon Valley.
- Aug 17, 2005 – acquisition by Google announced.
- Nov 5, 2007 – Open Handset Alliance formation; public SDK availability begins.
- Oct 2008 – first commercial handset (HTC Dream / T-Mobile G1) reached market.
Practical tips for archival accuracy:
- Prefer contemporaneous press clips and SEC/press archives over retrospective interviews for causal claims.
- Correlate commit timestamps with press announcements to avoid retroactive attribution of features.
- Use Git blame on early AOSP repos to attribute authorship of major subsystems and to map design intent to individual contributors.
Founding date of Android, Inc.
Founded on October 22, 2003, the company was incorporated in Palo Alto, California by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White.
Verify the record by consulting California Secretary of State business filings: search the corporate registration entry for the exact incorporation date, registered agent and filing number; save a PDF copy of the official certificate as a primary source citation.
Confirm secondary corroboration with contemporaneous press reports and the acquiring firm's announcement: Google completed the acquisition on August 17, 2005 (commonly reported purchase consideration ~US$50 million), which provides an external timestamp linking early operations to broader corporate actions.
Recommended documentary sources to cite directly: California SOS incorporation record; the acquiring company's press release of 17 August 2005; relevant SEC filings and S-1 exhibits mentioning the deal; founder interviews and tech-press coverage from 2003–2005 archived via reputable outlets or the Wayback Machine.